{"id":489531,"date":"2023-10-03T13:55:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T10:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ipn.md\/igor-botan-warsaw-pact-was-a-reply-to-reply\/"},"modified":"2026-07-11T22:12:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T19:12:31","slug":"igor-botan-warsaw-pact-was-a-reply-to-reply","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ipn.md\/en\/igor-botan-warsaw-pact-was-a-reply-to-reply\/","title":{"rendered":"Igor Bo\u021ban: Warsaw Pact was a reply to reply"},"content":{"rendered":"

Expert Igor Bo\u021ban said the Warsaw Pact that was signed in Warsaw on May 14, 1955 in the meeting of European socialist states by eight countries, including the Soviet Union, was a reply to reply, namely to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. For its part, NATO was a reply to the forced communization of states of Central and Eastern Europe by the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n

In a public debate<\/a> hosted by IPN, the expert said the Warsaw Treaty was signed in 1955 by Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia. The proclaimed goal was to ensure peace and security in Europe.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe real goal of the treaty was to legalize the creation of a military alliance of European socialist states, with the Soviet Union playing the principal role, and to cement what was called bipolarity of the world, which lasted for 36 years. The states of the Warsaw Pact undertook to act in accordance with the United Nations Charter, to refrain in their international relations from threats or the use of force, to resolve the disputes by peaceful ways. But these principles were ignored when the Soviet Union intervened in Hungary in 1956 and then in Czechoslovakia in 1968,\u201d stated Igor Bo\u021ban.<\/p>\n

According to him, on April 26, 1985, following the expiry of the 20-year term, the treaty was extended for another 20 years. After the communist regimes collapsed in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989-1990, the existence of the Warsaw Treaty Organization as a military and political alliance of the socialist states simply lost any sense. That\u2019s why the member states of the Warsaw Pact on February 25, 1991 disbanded their military bodies and signed a protocol on the nonexistence of this treaty in Prague on July 1, 1991.<\/p>\n

The expert noted that both the Warsaw Pact and NATO should be regarded through the angle of Marxism. One of the pillars of Marxism was the classical German philosophy, Hegel\u2019s dialectics, while the formula that was imbedded shows that \u201cwhat\u00a0is reasonable is real; that which is real is reasonable<\/em><\/span>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf NATO exists, it means that there are reasons for the existence of NATO. If NATO expands, there are reasons for this expansion. In fact, not NATO expands, but the European countries that feel threatened want to join this political and military bloc. The examples are Finland, Sweden and all the former member states of the Warsaw Pact, plus Ukraine, Georgia etc. If the Warsaw Treaty perished, according to Hegel\u2019s dialectics, it means that this is reasonable and there are reasons for this collapse of the political and military bloc as it turned out to be inefficient. It turned out that the provisions of the treaty were not respected,\u201d explained Igor Bo\u021ban.<\/p>\n

The expert mentioned the three brutal interventions by three Soviet Union and two interventions on the part of the Warsaw Pacts in friend, allied states as a result of which tens of thousands of people died. \u201cRecently, on September 26, it was 55 years of the publication of the so-called Doctrine of Brezhnev who after the intervention in Czechoslovakia justified the limited sovereignty of the member states of the Pact. Today we see the revanchism promoted by the Russian Federation in Vladimir Putin\u2019s article published in 2020. On the occasion of the anniversary of the victory in World War II, in that article he justifies the German revanchism after World War I. Only after the invasion of Ukraine, it became clear why that article was a kind of prelude to the current invasion of Ukraine. Putin and his ideologists who developed the theory of sovereign democracy apply this sovereign democracy to themselves, but tried to violate Ukraine\u2019s democracy,\u201d stated Igor Bo\u021ban.<\/p>\n

The public debate entitled \u201cWarsaw Pact: History without propaganda\u201d was the 20th installment of IPN\u2019s project \u201cImpact of the Past on Confidence and Peace Building Processes\u201d which is supported by the Hanns Seidel Foundation of Germany.<\/p>\n

Impactul trecutului<\/div>\n
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See related articles:<\/div>\n
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  2. Larisa Turea: Famine of 1946\u20131947 was organized. Moscow knew and did not care<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0218tefan Popov: Consequences of famine of 1946\u20131947 are still felt: fear and mistrust were instruments of subjugation<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Famine of 1946-1947, an organized crime: documents, testimonies and collective traumas<\/a><\/li>\n
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  7. Bessarabians were fully represented in Bucharest after Union of 1918, historian Nicolae Enciu<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Igor Bo\u021ban: Oppressive regime in Transnistrian region speculates on historical factors<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Alexandru Postica: Language problems and economic interests are persistent challenges in Transnistrian region<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Anatol \u021a\u0103ranu: Vulgar Moldovenism born in MASSR continues to live in Moldova\u2019s realities <\/a><\/li>\n
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  13. Ion Valer Xenofontov: Ideas from secret protocol to Soviet-Nazi pact still used today<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. Igor Bo\u021ban: Soviet\u2019s actions in relation to the Bessarabians in 1940 are \u2018occupation\u201d not \u201cliberation\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. Historian Dumitru Lisnic: Soviets brought their own people to Bessarabia for administrative positions <\/a><\/li>\n
  16. Anatol Petrencu: Soviets imposed their way of thinking and way of life in MSSR <\/a><\/li>\n
  17. Ex-history teacher from \u0218erpeni: Village in 1944 was completely destroyed<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. Igor Bo\u021ban: Soviets\u2019 1940 actions in relation to Bessarabians were not \u201cliberation\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n
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  20. Andrei Cur\u0103raru: Deportations were aimed at creating society without values<\/a><\/li>\n
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  22. Alecu Reni\u021b\u0103: Deportations must keep us vigilant and as far away as possible from Russia – a struggling monster<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. Igor Bo\u021ban: Propaganda must be combated by imbedding critical thinking<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. Nicolae Mihai: In totalitarian regimes, citizens no longer enjoy rights and freedoms<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. Virgiliu B\u00eerl\u0103deanu: In Russia there is an authoritarian regime with totalitarian tendencies<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. Igor Bo\u021ban: All legislatures in Moldova were pro-European or had periods when they promoted accession <\/a><\/li>\n
  27. Andrei Cur\u0103raru: EU\u2019s ambition is to become an important political center<\/a><\/li>\n
  28. Anatol Petrencu: Collapse of Soviet Union was a triumph for countries annexed by force<\/a><\/li>\n
  29. Cristian Manolachi: We must discern in avalanche of political messages. 2024 is a complicated election year<\/a><\/li>\n
  30. Igor Bo\u021ban: Political mythology in Ukraine war has been exploited to the maximum<\/a><\/li>\n
  31. Virgiliu B\u00eerl\u0103deanu: Authoritarian regimes are effective in disseminating propaganda<\/a><\/li>\n
  32. Valentin Constantinov: Today we speak Romanian due to verticality of population of Bessarabia in 1812<\/a><\/li>\n
  33. Igor Bo\u021ban: Literary language and official language are brought to highest level that unites us all<\/a><\/li>\n
  34. Vasile \u0218oimaru: We are Romanians on both banks of the Prut<\/a><\/li>\n
  35. Statements about Russia terrorist attack: Terror breeds only terror<\/a><\/li>\n
  36. Igor Bo\u021ban: Moldovan authorities must ensure communication with citizens from left bank of the Nistru<\/a><\/li>\n
  37. Alexandru Cerbu about war of 1992: Bodies were lying on the streets in Tighina as in Bucha <\/a><\/li>\n
  38. Victor Juc: The Nistru armed conflict was caused deliberately<\/a><\/li>\n
  39. Igor Bo\u021ban: Danger of repeat of horrors that society experienced under communist regime still exists <\/a><\/li>\n
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  42. Alexandru Postica: Victims of political repression receive far too small recompence against terror they went through <\/a><\/li>\n
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  44. Ana B\u00eetc\u0103: By informing students about political repression, we want to avoid repeat of past mistakes<\/a><\/li>\n
  45. Igor Bo\u021ban: The Gulag was Bolsheviks\u2019 solution for controlling population\u2019s protest movement <\/a><\/li>\n
  46. Ludmila Cojocaru: Soviet system meant repression, extermination, enslavement of population <\/a><\/li>\n
  47. Lidia P\u0103dureac: The Gulag was used to destroy people\u2019s uprightness<\/a><\/li>\n
  48. Igor Bo\u021ban: Budapest Memorandum would have been very important if those who signed it had considered it binding <\/a><\/li>\n
  49. Radu Burduja: Ukraine must draw conclusions after signing Budapest Memorandum<\/a><\/li>\n
  50. Ion Negrei: Russia no longer enjoys credibility internationally<\/a><\/li>\n
  51. Igor Bo\u021ban: Ukraine is key to final Transnistrian conflict settlement <\/a><\/li>\n
  52. Natalia Albu: Frozen conflicts mean also a low level of quality of human life<\/a><\/li>\n
  53. Octavian \u021a\u00eecu: Moscow wants Moldova to be Transnistrized<\/a><\/li>\n
  54. Igor Bo\u021ban: Phenomena that occurred in USSR before World War II were typical also for MASSR <\/a><\/li>\n
  55. Virgiliu B\u00eerl\u0103deanu: Thousands of people were executed only because they were regarded as a possible source of opposition<\/a><\/li>\n
  56. Igor Bo\u021ban: To better understand how Union of 1918 occurred, we should analyze circumstances in which this occurred<\/a><\/li>\n
  57. Alexandru Arseni: Governments in Chisinau and in Bucharest should recognize Union of 1918<\/a><\/li>\n
  58. Ion Varta: After Russian Empire collapsed, Romanian national movement evolved into national liberation movement<\/a><\/li>\n
  59. Igor Bo\u021ban: When we speak about collapse of Constituent Assembly, we should consider consequences of this for Bessarabia<\/a><\/li>\n
  60. Nicolae Enciu: Soviet society was constituted as an antipode of Western society<\/a><\/li>\n
  61. Anatol Petrencu: In current Russia, there is no democracy<\/a><\/li>\n
  62. Igor Bo\u021ban: Romania is also obliged to make effort for Moldova to manage to integrate into EU<\/a><\/li>\n
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  66. Ion Valer Xenofontov: Cold War lesson – to win with modesty and to lose with grace<\/a><\/li>\n
  67. Anneli Ute Gabanyi: USSR wanted to impose same thinking system on people<\/a><\/li>\n
  68. Vitalie Stoian: Warsaw Part always intervened inside its borders, not outside them<\/a><\/li>\n
  69. Anatol \u021a\u0103ranu: Warsaw Treaty was nothing else but \u201ccollective policeman\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n
  70. Radu Burduja: NATO was and will remain a successful alliance <\/a><\/li>\n
  71. Igor Bo\u021ban: Soviet Union became totalitarian and wanted to conquer whole world<\/a><\/li>\n
  72. Victor Juc: NATO enlargement occurs at request of states that consider themselves vulnerable<\/a><\/li>\n
  73. Igor Bo\u021ban: Russians\u2019 rhetoric on use of nuclear weapons shows that things go bad <\/a><\/li>\n
  74. Pavel Moraru: Signing of Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact led to start of World War II<\/a><\/li>\n
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  76. Virgiliu P\u00e2slariuc: European development model is a security and prosperity guarantee <\/a><\/li>\n
  77. Ion Varta: Russian factor was every time fateful for our national interest<\/a><\/li>\n
  78. Igor Bo\u021ban: Role of intellectuality in obtaining Independence was prolific<\/a><\/li>\n
  79. Ion Negrei: Putsch of October 1917 didn\u2019t enjoy support among population of Bessarabia<\/a><\/li>\n
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  81. Marin Gherman: Communism was a catastrophe for previous century<\/a><\/li>\n
  82. Ludmila Cojocaru: Keeping memory of Stalinist crimes necessitates effort from state and society <\/a><\/li>\n
  83. Igor Bo\u021ban: After Stalin\u2019s death, Stalinization is only a kind of phantom<\/a><\/li>\n
  84. Florin Abraham: Historical memory cannot be built without state support<\/a><\/li>\n
  85. Igor Bo\u021ban: Stalinist elites devour each other, this being an essential quality of Stalinism<\/a><\/li>\n
  86. Octavian \u021a\u00eecu: Stalinization \u2013 imbedding of a series of features typical of Soviet Union<\/a><\/li>\n
  87. Florin-R\u0103zvan Mihai: Putinism poses a big threat<\/a><\/li>\n
  88. Ion Manole: Passivity of international community to crimes of communism generated Ukraine war<\/a><\/li>\n
  89. Igor Bo\u021ban: Possession of nuclear weapon makes Russia ignore international law norms<\/a><\/li>\n
  90. Anatol Petrencu: Some nations fight without scruple<\/a><\/li>\n
  91. Igor Bo\u021ban: Those who took part in deportation of people from Bessarabia were ideologically indoctrinated<\/a><\/li>\n
  92. Viorica Olaru: The Kremlin administration is similar to the KGB<\/a><\/li>\n
  93. Alexandru Postica: Deportations should be treated in a broader context<\/a><\/li>\n
  94. Mihail Dru\u021b\u0103: It is justified to celebrate Europe Day on May 9 <\/a><\/li>\n
  95. Anatol \u021a\u0103ranu: Moldova cannot become European state by keeping Soviet symbols <\/a><\/li>\n
  96. Igor Bo\u021ban: It is a big mistake to reveal World War II events that suit only a particular side<\/a><\/li>\n
  97. Igor Bo\u021ban: Acknowledging organized famine is important for learning lessons<\/a><\/li>\n
  98. Museographer of Avdarma: 800 people died from hunger in this village in 1946-1947 <\/a><\/li>\n
  99. Famine of 1946-1947. Vasile \u0218oimaru: People were dispossessed of everything and were murdered <\/a><\/li>\n
  100. Lidia P\u0103dureac: While Moldovan SSR was dying from starvation, Soviet Union was exporting grain<\/a><\/li>\n
  101. Igor Bo\u021ban: Fascism, in its milder version, and Bolshevism were heresies of socialism <\/a><\/li>\n
  102. Virgiliu B\u00eerl\u0103deanu: Society should be attentive so as not to allow authoritarian-totalitarian deviations <\/a><\/li>\n
  103. Alexandru Cosmescu: Fascism, Stalinism and Nazism created external enemies in order to achieve their goals<\/a><\/li>\n
  104. Alecu Reni\u021b\u0103 on 1903 pogrom: Authorities failed to stop bloodshed<\/a><\/li>\n
  105. Andrei Kushko: Not Moldovans, but imperial functionaries triggered Chisinau program<\/a><\/li>\n
  106. Igor Bo\u021ban: Chisinau program was an outburst of anti-Semitism in Russian Empire<\/a><\/li>\n
  107. Igor Bo\u021ban: Accession to EU is alternative to Russian world for Moldova <\/a><\/li>\n
  108. Ion Negrei: Moldova should connect to European space for good <\/a><\/li>\n
  109. Anatol \u021a\u0103ranu: There are affinities between aggressive policy of Russian empire and current regime of Putin<\/a><\/li>\n
  110. Mihai \u021aurcanu: \u201cStockholm syndrome\u201d replaced feeling of national identity in many compatriots<\/a><\/li>\n
  111. Igor Bo\u021ban: Putin\u2019s drama is that he does not have ideology or economic force or army<\/a><\/li>\n
  112. Maria Pilchin: Putin teaches his people to die because he was unable to teach them to live <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Expert Igor Bo\u021ban said the Warsaw Pact that was signed in Warsaw on May 14, 1955 in the meeting of European socialist states by eight countries, including the Soviet Union,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":489258,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-489531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dezbateri-ipn"],"yoast_head":"\nIgor Bo\u021ban: Warsaw Pact was a reply to reply - ipn.md<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ipn.md\/igor-botan-warsaw-pact-was-a-reply-to-reply\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Igor Bo\u021ban: Warsaw Pact was a reply to reply - 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